![]() ![]() Strontium aluminate phosphors are common materials used to create high-quality photoluminescence and color emission ( Swathi et al. Furthermore, white powder can be achieved by tridoped Gd 3Ga 5O 12 with Pr 3+, Tb 3+, Eu 3+, and a cool-white luminescence is achieved by combining Pr 3+ and Tb 3+ luminescent centers in the GGG: Pr 3+, Tb 3+, Eu 3+ phosphors ( Ueda et al. Red luminescence can be obtained by the excitation of CaS:Eu 2+, Tm 3+ phosphor, and persistent luminescence is observed in the 400 to 600 nm wavelengths ( Tamura et al. Various colored luminescent powders are achieved by altering the preparation and the chemical makeup of doped strontium aluminate phosphors with europium and dysprosium for example ( Haranath et al. Photoluminescent materials have trapping mechanisms that capture the energy from ultraviolet light for subsequent release in the form of afterglow ( Van der Heggen et al. ![]() Afterglow is when a material emits light in the various spectral regions and the continuous emission time can vary from seconds to hours even after the photons have been excited by an external source ( Li et al. Photoluminescent materials that offer afterglow can absorb ultraviolet and visible lights and can release that energy at a certain wavelength within darkness ( Gao et al. Persistent luminescent is light emission that exists after excitation ( Chiatti et al. Luminescence, specifically photoluminescence, is when light is emitted by a given substance from an electronically excited state as exacted by an external source (Jaque and Vertrone 2012). One value addition technique to consider is the use of persistent luminescent powders, which offer a colored luminescence to the flowers in a dark environment. Tinting allows for visual enhancement in florals that are otherwise lacking in color and, therefore, visual appeal ( Sowmeya et al. Value addition techniques, such as color tinting, contribute to economic growth in the floriculture market by increasing the flowers’ value 5 to 10 times the original market value ( Mekala et al. Furthermore, floral purchases are greatest during the holidays as illustrated by the sales during Christmas and Hanukkah amounting to $2.28 billion and Valentine’s Day and Mother’s Day at $1.9 billion ( Silady 2019). The flowers offer beautification and aesthetic merit, which contributes to the overall commercial and economical value of the plant ( Önder et al. The wholesale value of cut roses produced in the United States was valued at $12 million in 2020 ( US Department of Agriculture 2021). Roses are a part of the genus Rosa L., which is composed of more than 140 species ( Synge 1971). Keywords: color tinting luminescent RGB color space Rosaceae value-added Ultimately, white roses are preferred because they seemed to have greater health and luminescence compared with red roses, and green and blue powder would be recommended for luminescent application for brightness. Mean and mode varied in their calculated dominant wavelengths therefore, it is recommended to use mean values because more similarities in matching of the powder color and the calculated dominant wavelength were reported. Red powder on white and red roses experienced little to no luminescence before or after ultraviolet exposure. With ultraviolet exposure, white roses with green powder had the greatest value followed by blue, orange, and white. For luminescent brightness after ultraviolet exposure, white rose with green powder had the greatest value. For luminescent brightness mean without ultraviolet, white rose with blue powder had the greatest value. Overall measurements included mean brightness red, green, and blue measured values dominant wavelengths of emitted color flower diameter change rate relative water percent solution uptake rate and vase solution uptake rate. Daily measurements were taken including vase weight, average floral diameter, and visual deterioration based on scale of 1 to 4. Images were taken of the flowers before ultraviolet blacklight exposure and after exposure to be later analyzed with ImageJ software. ![]() Solutions of each color were prepared by mixing 6 g of powder and 240 ml of deionized water and sprayed four times around the flower head plus a control. This study evaluated red and white luminescent rose cut flowers, which was achieved by applying six persistent luminescent powders. Rose cut flowers are popular in everyday bouquets or for special occasions, and tinting of the flowers by means of color addition increases the flowers economical value and aesthetic appeal. ![]()
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